CarND Advanced Lane Finding¶
CRITERIA:
- Camera Calibration
- Distortion correction that was calculated via camera calibration
- A method or combination of methods (i.e., color transforms, gradients) has been used to create a binary image
- OpenCV function or other method has been used to correctly rectify each image to a "birds-eye view".
- Methods have been used to identify lane line pixels in the rectified binary image.
- Calculate the radius of curvature of the lane and the position of the vehicle with respect to center.
- The fit from the rectified image has been warped back onto the original image and plotted to identify the lane boundaries.
- The image processing pipeline that was established to find the lane lines in images successfully processes the video.
In [1]:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pickle
import cv2
import glob
import collections
from itertools import chain
# Import everything needed to edit/save/watch video clips
from moviepy.editor import VideoFileClip
from IPython.display import HTML
%matplotlib inline
Color/gradient Threshold¶
In [63]:
def abs_sobel_thresh(img, orient='x', sobel_kernel=3, thresh=(0, 255)):
# Convert to grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
# Apply x or y gradient with the OpenCV Sobel() function
# and take the absolute value
if orient == 'x':
abs_sobel = np.absolute(cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize = sobel_kernel))
if orient == 'y':
abs_sobel = np.absolute(cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize = sobel_kernel))
# Rescale back to 8 bit integer
scaled_sobel = np.uint8(255*abs_sobel/np.max(abs_sobel))
# Create a copy and apply the threshold
binary_output = np.zeros_like(scaled_sobel)
# Here I'm using inclusive (>=, <=) thresholds, but exclusive is ok too
binary_output[(scaled_sobel >= thresh[0]) & (scaled_sobel <= thresh[1])] = 1
return binary_output
def dir_threshold(img, sobel_kernel=3, thresh=(0, np.pi/2)):
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
# Calculate the x and y gradients
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=sobel_kernel)
sobely = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=sobel_kernel)
# Take the absolute value of the gradient direction,
# apply a threshold, and create a binary image result
absgraddir = np.arctan2(np.absolute(sobely), np.absolute(sobelx))
binary_output = np.zeros_like(absgraddir)
binary_output[(absgraddir >= thresh[0]) & (absgraddir <= thresh[1])] = 1
return binary_output
def mag_thresh(img, sobel_kernel=3, mag_thresh=(0, 255)):
# Convert to grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
# Take both Sobel x and y gradients
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=sobel_kernel)
sobely = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=sobel_kernel)
# Calculate the gradient magnitude
gradmag = np.sqrt(sobelx**2 + sobely**2)
# Rescale to 8 bit
scale_factor = np.max(gradmag)/255
gradmag = (gradmag/scale_factor).astype(np.uint8)
# Create a binary image of ones where threshold is met, zeros otherwise
binary_output = np.zeros_like(gradmag)
binary_output[(gradmag >= mag_thresh[0]) & (gradmag <= mag_thresh[1])] = 1
return binary_output
def hls_threshold(img, channel='s', thresh = (0,255)):
hls = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HLS)
if channel == 's':
ch = hls[:,:,2]
elif channel == 'l':
ch = hls[:,:,1]
elif channel == 'h':
ch = hls[:,:,0]
else:
raise Exception('channel input error!')
binary_output = np.zeros_like(ch)
binary_output[(ch > thresh[0]) & (ch <= thresh[1])] = 1
return binary_output
def hsv_threshold(img, channel='s', thresh = (0,255)):
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
if channel == 'v':
ch = hsv[:,:,2]
elif channel == 's':
ch = hsv[:,:,1]
elif channel == 'h':
ch = hsv[:,:,0]
else:
raise Exception('channel input error!')
binary_output = np.zeros_like(ch)
binary_output[(ch > thresh[0]) & (ch <= thresh[1])] = 1
return binary_output
def lab_threshold(img, channel='l', thresh = (0,255)):
image_lab = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2LAB)
if channel == 'b':
ch = image_lab[:,:,2]
elif channel == 'a':
ch = image_lab[:,:,1]
elif channel == 'l':
ch = image_lab[:,:,0]
else:
raise Exception('channel input error!')
lab_binary = np.zeros_like(ch)
lab_binary[(ch > thresh[0]) & (ch <= thresh[1])] = 1
return lab_binary
def rgb_threshold(img, channel='r', thresh = (0,255)):
image_rgb = np.copy(img)
if channel == 'b':
ch = image_rgb[:,:,2]
elif channel == 'g':
ch = image_rgb[:,:,1]
elif channel == 'r':
ch = image_rgb[:,:,0]
else:
raise Exception('channel input error!')
rgb_binary = np.zeros_like(ch)
rgb_binary[(ch > thresh[0]) & (ch <= thresh[1])] = 1
return rgb_binary
def yuv_threshold(img, channel='y', thresh = (0,255)):
image_yuv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2YUV)
if channel == 'v':
ch = image_yuv[:,:,2]
elif channel == 'u':
ch = image_yuv[:,:,1]
elif channel == 'y':
ch = image_yuv[:,:,0]
else:
raise Exception('channel input error!')
yuv_binary = np.zeros_like(ch)
yuv_binary[(ch > thresh[0]) & (ch <= thresh[1])] = 1
return yuv_binary
def canny(img, low_threshold, high_threshold):
"""Applies the Canny transform"""
return cv2.Canny(img, low_threshold, high_threshold)
def combined_filter(image):
ksize = 3
gradx = abs_sobel_thresh(image, orient='x', sobel_kernel=ksize, thresh=(112, 1000))
grady = abs_sobel_thresh(image, orient='y', sobel_kernel=ksize, thresh=(112, 1000))
mag_binary = mag_thresh(image, sobel_kernel=ksize, mag_thresh=(29, 1000))
dir_binary = dir_threshold(image, sobel_kernel=ksize, thresh=np.array([40, 89])*np.pi/180.0)
s_binary = hls_threshold(image, channel='s', thresh = (188,255))
l_binary = hls_threshold(image, channel='l', thresh = (202,255))
s_hsv_binary = hsv_threshold(image, channel='s', thresh = (83,255))
l_lab_binary = lab_threshold(image, channel='l', thresh = (177,255))
a_lab_binary = lab_threshold(image, channel='a', thresh = (20,255))
b_lab_binary = lab_threshold(image, channel='b', thresh = (129,255)) #120155
r_rgb_binary = rgb_threshold(image, channel='r', thresh = (220,255))
g_rgb_binary = rgb_threshold(image, channel='g', thresh = (171,255))
u_yuv_binary = yuv_threshold(image, channel='u', thresh = (145,255))
edges = canny(image, 200, 400)
sl_binary = np.zeros_like(s_binary)
sl_binary[(s_binary == 1) & (l_binary == 1)] = 1
combined = np.zeros_like(s_binary)
combined[(r_rgb_binary == 1) | (sl_binary == 1) | (l_binary == 1) | (u_yuv_binary == 1) ] = 1
if False:
f, ax = plt.subplots(4, 2, figsize=(24, 9))
f.tight_layout()
ax[0][0].imshow(r_rgb_binary, cmap='gray')
ax[0][0].set_title('R binary')
ax[0][1].imshow(s_binary, cmap='gray')
ax[0][1].set_title('S channel')
ax[1][0].imshow(l_binary, cmap='gray')
ax[1][0].set_title('L channel')
ax[1][1].imshow(sl_binary, cmap='gray')
ax[1][1].set_title('SL channel')
ax[2][0].imshow(u_yuv_binary, cmap='gray')
ax[2][0].set_title('U channel')
ax[2][1].imshow(edges)
ax[2][1].set_title('canny channel')
ax[3][0].imshow(combined)
ax[3][0].set_title('Combined Image')
ax[3][1].imshow(image)
ax[3][1].set_title('Original Image')
plt.show()
return combined
fname = 'test_images/test1.jpg'
img1 = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
combined_img = combined_filter(img1)
if True:
f, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, nrows=1, figsize=(24, 9))
f.tight_layout()
ax[0].imshow(img1)
ax[0].set_title('Original')
ax[1].imshow(combined_filter(img1))
ax[1].set_title('combined_img')
plt.show()
Distortion Correction¶
In [3]:
def undist_image(image):
dist_pickle = pickle.load( open( "output_images/wide_dist_pickle.p", "rb" ) )
mtx = dist_pickle["mtx"]
dist = dist_pickle["dist"]
undist = cv2.undistort(image, mtx, dist, None, mtx)
return undist
fname = 'test_images/test1.jpg'
test_image = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
fname2 = 'test_images/test6.jpg'
test_image2 = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname2), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
if True:
f, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(24, 9))
f.tight_layout()
ax[0][0].imshow(test_image)
ax[0][0].set_title('Original')
ax[0][1].imshow(undist_image(test_image))
ax[0][1].set_title('undist_image')
ax[1][0].imshow(test_image2)
ax[1][0].set_title('Original')
ax[1][1].imshow(undist_image(test_image2))
ax[1][1].set_title('undist_image2')
plt.show()
Perspective Transform¶
In [58]:
src_corners = np.array([[585, 460], [698, 460], [995, 659], [296, 659]], np.float32) #2 686
dst_corners = np.array([[300, 0], [1280 - 300, 0], [1280 - 300, 720], [300, 720]], np.float32)
M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src_corners, dst_corners)
M_inv = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(dst_corners, src_corners)
def transform(img):
return cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]), flags=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
def inv_transform(img):
return cv2.warpPerspective(img, M_inv, (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]), flags=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
fname = "test_images/test2.jpg"
orig_img = plt.imread(fname)
undist_img = undist_image(orig_img)
#plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
#plt.imshow(orig_img)
#plt.plot([555,680,1180,300,555],[400,400,680,680,400],color='RED', linewidth=4)
f, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2,nrows=1, figsize=(24, 9))
f.tight_layout()
ax[0].imshow(orig_img)
ax[0].set_title('Original')
ax[1].imshow(transform(undist_img))
ax[1].set_title('Perspective Transform')
Out[58]:
In [10]:
def find_lines(img, create_example_plots=False):
img_original = img.copy()
img = transform(combined_filter((img)))
#img = pipeline(img)
histogram = np.sum(img[img.shape[0]//2:,:], axis=0)
low = histogram[200:450]
high = histogram[900:1150]
max_low = 200 + np.argmax(low)
max_high = 900 + np.argmax(high)
x_current1 = max_low
x_current2 = max_high
y_init = int(img.shape[0] * 0.75)
window_dims = [180, 90]
initial_dist = max_high - max_low
windows_left = []
windows_right = []
out_img = img.copy()
for i in range(8):
if i >= 2:
moving_down = -1
else:
moving_down = 1
if i == 0 or i == 3:
x_current1_low = int(max_low - window_dims[0] / 2)
x_current1_high = int(max_low + window_dims[0] / 2)
x_current2_low = int(max_high - window_dims[0] / 2)
x_current2_high = int(max_high + window_dims[0] / 2)
y_low = y_init + i * window_dims[1] * moving_down
if y_low < 400:
y_low += 90
y_high = y_low + window_dims[1]
nonzero_1 = img[y_low:y_high, x_current1_low:x_current1_high].nonzero()
nonzerox_1 = np.array(nonzero_1[1])
nonzero_2 = img[y_low:y_high, x_current2_low:x_current2_high].nonzero()
nonzerox_2 = np.array(nonzero_2[1])
min_n1 = 500
min_n2 = 250
n1 = len(nonzerox_1)
avgx1 = int(round(np.mean(nonzerox_1) + x_current1_low)) if n1 > 0 else 0
n2 = len(nonzerox_2)
avgx2 = int(round(np.mean(nonzerox_2) + x_current2_low)) if n2 > 0 else 0
if n1 > min_n1:
x_current1_high = int(avgx1 + window_dims[0] / 2)
x_current1_low = int(avgx1 - window_dims[0] / 2)
if n2 > min_n2:
x_current2_high = int(avgx2 + window_dims[0] / 2)
x_current2_low = int(avgx2 - window_dims[0] / 2)
else:
x_current2_high = x_current1_high + initial_dist
x_current2_low = x_current1_low + initial_dist
windows_left.append([(x_current1_low, y_low), (x_current1_high, y_high)])
windows_right.append([(x_current2_low, y_low), (x_current2_high, y_high)])
cv2.rectangle(out_img, windows_left[i][0], windows_left[i][1], color=1, thickness = 2)
cv2.rectangle(out_img, windows_right[i][0], windows_right[i][1], color=1, thickness = 2)
left_ys = [wl[0][1] + window_dims[1] / 2 for wl in windows_left]
left_xs = [wl[0][0] + window_dims[0] / 2 for wl in windows_left]
right_ys = [wr[0][1] + window_dims[1] / 2 for wr in windows_right]
right_xs = [wr[0][0] + window_dims[0] / 2 for wr in windows_right]
# Fit new polynomials to x,y in world space
ploty = np.linspace(0, out_img.shape[0]-1, out_img.shape[0] )
y_eval = np.max(ploty)
ym_per_pix = 30/720 # meters per pixel in y dimension
xm_per_pix = 3.7/700 # meters per pixel in x dimension
left_fit_cr = np.polyfit(np.array(left_ys) *ym_per_pix, np.array(left_xs) *xm_per_pix, 2)
right_fit_cr = np.polyfit(np.array(right_ys)*ym_per_pix, np.array(right_xs)*xm_per_pix, 2)
# Calculate the new radii of curvature
left_curverad = ((1 + (2*left_fit_cr[0] *y_eval*ym_per_pix + left_fit_cr[1])**2)**1.5) / np.absolute(2*left_fit_cr[0])
right_curverad = ((1 + (2*right_fit_cr[0]*y_eval*ym_per_pix + right_fit_cr[1])**2)**1.5) / np.absolute(2*right_fit_cr[0])
# Now our radius of curvature is in meters
rad = (left_curverad + right_curverad) /2
my_center_x = 1280 / 2
lane_center_x = right_xs[1] - left_xs[1]
center_distance = my_center_x - lane_center_x
offset = xm_per_pix * center_distance
image_info = ImageInfo(img_original, left_curverad, right_curverad, offset, left_xs, left_ys, right_xs, right_ys)
if create_example_plots:
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 15))
plt.imshow(out_img)
_, _, left_fitx, right_fitx = image_info.get_pts()
plt.plot(left_fitx, ploty)
plt.plot(right_fitx, ploty)
plt.show()
return image_info
class ImageInfo(object):
def __init__(self, img_original, left_curverad, right_curverad, offset, left_xs, left_ys, right_xs, right_ys):
self.img_original = img_original
self.left_curverad = left_curverad
self.right_curverad = right_curverad
self.offset = offset
self.left_xs = left_xs
self.left_ys = left_ys
self.right_xs = right_xs
self.right_ys = right_ys
def get_pts(self):
left_fit = np.polyfit(self.left_ys, self.left_xs, 2)
right_fit = np.polyfit(self.right_ys, self.right_xs, 2)
ploty = np.linspace(0, self.img_original.shape[0]-1, self.img_original.shape[0] )
left_fitx = left_fit[0]*ploty**2 + left_fit[1]*ploty + left_fit[2]
right_fitx = right_fit[0]*ploty**2 + right_fit[1]*ploty + right_fit[2]
pts_left = np.array([np.transpose(np.vstack([left_fitx, ploty]))])
pts_right = np.array([np.flipud(np.transpose(np.vstack([right_fitx, ploty])))])
return pts_left, pts_right, left_fitx, right_fitx
def create_annotated_image(imgInfo, create_example_plots=False):
img_original = imgInfo.img_original
left_curverad = imgInfo.left_curverad
right_curverad = imgInfo.right_curverad
offset = imgInfo.offset
pts_left, pts_right, _, _ = imgInfo.get_pts()
color_warp = np.zeros_like(img_original).astype(np.uint8)
#color_warp = np.dstack((warp_zero, warp_zero, warp_zero))
pts = np.hstack((pts_left, pts_right))
cv2.fillPoly(color_warp, np.int_([pts]), (0, 255, 0))
newwarp = cv2.warpPerspective(color_warp, M_inv, (img_original.shape[1], img_original.shape[0]))
result = cv2.addWeighted(img_original, 1, newwarp, 0.3, 0)
rad = (left_curverad + right_curverad) /2
cv2.putText(result, "Radius: {}m / Offset: {}m".format(int(round(rad)), abs(round(offset, 3))), (10, 60), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 2, 255, 2)
if create_example_plots:
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 15))
plt.imshow(result)
plt.show()
return result
In [60]:
imgInfo = find_lines(undist_img, True)
ann_img = create_annotated_image(imgInfo, True)
In [12]:
from copy import copy
class MetaDataSaver(object):
def __init__(self):
self.current_index = 0
self.imgInfos = [None] * 5
self.lastOkInfo = None
self.nextInfo = None
self.keptFrames = 0
def get_averaged_info(self):
ni = self.nextInfo
li1 = self.imgInfos[(self.current_index - 1) % 5]
li2 = self.imgInfos[(self.current_index - 2) % 5]
li3 = self.imgInfos[(self.current_index - 3) % 5]
li4 = self.imgInfos[(self.current_index - 4) % 5]
if li1 == None or li2 == None or li3 == None or li4 == None:
return ni
new_leftys = [(y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 + y5) / 5 for y1, y2, y3, y4, y5 in list(zip(ni.left_ys, li1.left_ys, li2.left_ys, li3.left_ys, li4.left_ys))]
new_rightys = [(y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 + y5) / 5 for y1, y2, y3, y4, y5 in list(zip(ni.right_ys, li1.right_ys, li2.right_ys, li3.right_ys, li4.right_ys))]
new_info = copy(ni)
new_info.left_ys = new_leftys
new_info.right_ys = new_rightys
return new_info
def new_meta_data(self, imgInfo):
ratio = imgInfo.left_curverad / imgInfo.right_curverad
ratio_compared = ((imgInfo.left_curverad + imgInfo.right_curverad)) / ((self.lastOkInfo.left_curverad + self.lastOkInfo.right_curverad)) if self.lastOkInfo != None else 1
ratio = ratio if ratio > 1 else 1 / ratio
ratio_compared = ratio_compared if ratio_compared > 1 else 1 / ratio_compared
if (ratio > 3 or ratio_compared > 2) and self.lastOkInfo != None:
self.lastOkInfo.img_original = imgInfo.img_original
self.keptFrames += 1
else:
self.lastOkInfo = imgInfo
#self.imgInfos = [self.imgInfos[i] if i != self.current_index else self.lastOkInfo for i in range(5) ]
self.imgInfos[self.current_index] = self.lastOkInfo
self.nextInfo = self.lastOkInfo
#return self.nextInfo
self.current_index = (self.current_index + 1) % 5
return self.get_averaged_info()
Pipeline¶
In [13]:
def pipeline1(image):
combined = combined_filter(image)
undist = undist_image(combined)
src, dst = generate_src_dst_points()
warped, M, Minv = persective_transform(undist, src, dst)
#draw_warp(undist, warped, src, dst)
leftx, lefty, rightx, righty = find_line_points(warped, left.last_fit, right.last_fit)
#print ('leftx, y', leftx, lefty)
#print ('rightx, y', rightx, righty)
lx, ly = left.add_points_to_fit(leftx, lefty)
#print ('L x', lx)
#print ('L y', ly)
if not lx or not ly:
print ('L x', lx)
print ('L y', ly)
return image
left.line_fit(lx,ly)
rx, ry = right.add_points_to_fit(rightx, righty)
#print ('R x', rx)
#print ('R y', ry)
if not rx or not ry:
print ('R x', rx)
print ('R y', ry)
return image
right.line_fit(rx,ry)
#print ('left', left)
try:
left.update() # croaks here
right.update()
except:
return image
lane_center = check_lane_width(left.current_fit, right.current_fit, image.shape)
image_center = image.shape[1]/2
# print(image_center)
if lane_center - image_center> 0:
str_pos = 'Vehicle is {0:.3f}m Left of Center'.format(abs(lane_center - image_center)*left.xm_per_pix)
else:
str_pos = 'Vehicle is {0:.3f}m Right of Center'.format(abs(lane_center - image_center)*left.xm_per_pix)
left_curverad = left.calc_radius_of_curvature(image.shape)
right_curverad = right.calc_radius_of_curvature(image.shape)
str_curverad = 'Radius of Curvature : {0:.3f}m'.format((left_curverad+right_curverad)/2)
info=[str_pos, str_curverad]
result = draw_area(image, warped, M, left.current_fit, right.current_fit, info)
return result
def pipeline2(image):
#pipeline = lambda img: (transform(combined_filter((img))))
combined = combined_filter(image)
#undist = undist_image(combined)
transformed_img = transform(undist)
return transformed_img
meta_data_saver = MetaDataSaver()
def pipeline(image):
undist = undist_image(image)
meta_data = find_lines(undist)
return create_annotated_image(meta_data_saver.new_meta_data(meta_data))
In [20]:
%matplotlib inline
#left = Line('left')
#right = Line('right')
# Make a list of calibration images
#image = mpimg.imread('test_images/test2.jpg')
#img = pipeline1(image)
#plt.imshow(img)
# Read in and make a list of calibration images
images = glob.glob('test_images/test1.jpg')
print ('images: ', images)
# Step through the list and search for chessboard corners
#for idx, fname in enumerate(images):
# print ('File Name:', fname)
# img1 = cv2.imread(fname)
# pipeline_img = pipeline(img1)
# cv2.imshow('img', pipeline_img)
# cv2.waitKey(500)
#cv2.destroyAllWindows()
if True:
fname = 'test_images/straight_lines2.jpg'
#test_image = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
test_image = mpimg.imread('test_images/test2.jpg')
pipeline_img = pipeline(test_image)
fname1 = 'test_images/straight_lines5.jpg'
#test_image1 = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname1), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
test_image1 = mpimg.imread('test_images/test2.jpg')
pipeline1_img = pipeline(test_image1)
f, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(20, 10))
f.tight_layout()
ax[0][0].imshow(test_image)
ax[0][0].set_title('Original')
ax[0][1].imshow(pipeline_img)
ax[0][1].set_title('Combined Undistorted')
ax[1][0].imshow(test_image)
ax[1][0].set_title('Original')
ax[1][1].imshow(pipeline1_img)
ax[1][1].set_title('Lane Line')
plt.show()
#fname = 'test_images/test5.jpg'
#img1 = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(fname), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
#f, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(20,10))
#ax1.imshow(img1)
#ax1.set_title('Original Image', fontsize=30)
#pipeline_img = pipeline1(img1)
#ax2.imshow(pipeline_img)
#ax2.set_title('Lane Line', fontsize=30)
if True:
output_file = 'output_project_video.mp4'
clip = VideoFileClip("project_video.mp4")
output_clip = clip.fl_image(pipeline)
output_clip.ipython_display()
%time output_clip.write_videofile(output_file, audio=False)
In [21]:
HTML("""
<video width="960" height="540" controls>
<source src="{0}">
</video>
""".format(output_file))
Out[21]:
In [22]:
output_challenge = 'output_challenge_video.mp4'
clip = VideoFileClip("challenge_video.mp4")
output_clip = clip.fl_image(pipeline)
# output_clip.ipython_display()
%time output_clip.write_videofile(output_challenge, audio=False)
In [23]:
HTML("""
<video width="960" height="540" controls>
<source src="{0}">
</video>
""".format(output_challenge))
Out[23]:
In [24]:
output_harder_challenge = 'output_harder_challenge_video.mp4'
clip = VideoFileClip("harder_challenge_video.mp4")
output_clip = clip.fl_image(pipeline)
# output_clip.ipython_display()
%time output_clip.write_videofile(output_harder_challenge, audio=False)
In [25]:
HTML("""
<video width="960" height="540" controls>
<source src="{0}">
</video>
""".format(output_harder_challenge))
Out[25]:
In [ ]: